Metal

What is Metal?

Metal is a material that is generally hard, opaque, and shiny, with good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are elements that have historically been extracted from the earth's crust. These elements have played a crucial role in the development of human civilisation due to their ability to be shaped, forged, and melted. Since ancient times, metals such as iron, copper, and gold have been mined and manipulated into tools, weapons, and jewellery, highlighting their importance across various epochs.

Extraction and production of metal
Metal production begins with the mining of ore, which contains metal elements or compounds mixed with rocks. This ore is processed to separate the metal, a step that generally requires crushing and chemical reactions to break down the rock and extract the pure metal. The metal is then melted at high temperatures to further purify it, and mixed with other metals or elements to form alloys that meet specific production needs.

Fundamental properties and characteristics of metal
Metals are favoured in production for their distinctive properties:

• Conductivity: Metals are excellent conductors of electricity and heat.
• Malleability and Ductility: Metals can be hammered into thin sheets (malleability) or stretched into wires (ductility).
• Durability: Metals are generally durable and resistant to degradation from environmental exposures.
• Corrosion Resistance: Many metals, such as stainless steel, have high resistance to rust and corrosion.

Metal in manufacturing and promotional products

Versatile Applications
Metal is extensively used in various sectors including construction, automotive, electronics, and jewellery making. In promotional products, metal is commonly used for items such as engraved keychains, personalised metal pens, and personalised badges which offer durability and a premium feel.

Advantages of Using Metal
Using metal in manufacturing offers robustness, longevity, and aesthetic appeal that many other materials cannot match. Metals can withstand extreme conditions making them ideal for use in everything from outdoor structures to high-end electronics.

Metal compared to other materials
Metals often provide greater strength and durability compared to plastics and woods, though they may come with a higher cost and heavier weight. These characteristics make metals uniquely suited for applications where strength and longevity are paramount.

Types of metals and their common uses

Metal	Common Uses
Aluminium	Aircraft, packaging, construction materials
Steel	Building structures, automobiles, tools
Copper	Electrical wiring, plumbing, electronics
Iron	Machinery, automotive components, bridges
Gold	Jewellery, electronics, dental materials